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Michael Simmons (American pioneer)
Michael Simmons or Michael Troutman Simmons (1814 – 1867) was a 19th-century American pioneer and one of the first white men to settle in the Puget Sound.〔Wilma 2003.〕
Simmons was one of ten children, born in Kentucky in 1814. As a boy, he moved with his mother to Pike County, Illinois. When Michael was 21 years old, he moved to Iowa and married a 15-year-old girl named Elizabeth Kindred. Five years later, the couple moved to Missouri and Michael built a gristmill.〔Morgan 1979, p. 70.〕 At the age of 30, he decided to abandon the Mid-West and came to the Puget Sound on a wagon train with a group of settlers (including his friend George Washington Bush) in late 1845. He assumed leadership of the new settlers, who gave him the title of "Colonel".〔 After taking advice from the traders of the Hudson's Bay Company at Fort Nisqually, the new American settlers founded New Market (later Tumwater).〔Ficken 2002, p. 6.〕 Despite its help, three years later Simmons led a campaign of complaints against the "monarchist" Hudson's Bay Company.〔Ficken 2002, p. 9.〕
At New Market, Simmons exploited the power of Tumwater Falls to construct mills, but in 1850 sold his interests at New Market and moved to Olympia.〔 Simmons invested in shipping and, despite being illiterate, became Olympia's postmaster. After the appointment of Isaac Stevens as the first governor of newly established Washington Territory, Simmons was appointed Indian agent and in 1854 and 1855 was charged with preparing the enforcement of Governor Steven's Indian treaties.〔Ficken 2002, p. 46; Washington State History Museum, (Treaties and Councils: The Stevens Entourage ).〕 Simmons died in 1867.
==Notes==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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